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Bench tool

Interfaces and speeds

Every interface on one axis, in gigabits per second. Pick groups, or two interfaces to compare. The numbers are theoretical maximums from the specifications – real-world transfers are always lower.

Checked:

Show groups

USB and Thunderbolt

  • USB 2.0 0.48 Gb/s 480 Mb/s · USB-IF
  • USB 5Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen 1) 5 Gb/s 5 Gb/s · USB-IF
  • USB 10Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen 2) 10 Gb/s 10 Gb/s · USB-IF
  • USB 20Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen 2×2) 20 Gb/s 20 Gb/s, USB-C only · USB-IF
  • USB4 40Gbps 40 Gb/s 40 Gb/s · USB-IF
  • USB4 v2.0 80Gbps 80 Gb/s 80 Gb/s · USB Promoter Group
  • Thunderbolt 4 40 Gb/s 40 Gb/s (half of TB5, according to Intel) · Intel
  • Thunderbolt 5 80 Gb/s 80 Gb/s bidirectional, Bandwidth Boost 120 Gb/s for video · Intel

Storage (SATA, NVMe)

  • SATA III (6Gb/s) 6 Gb/s 6 Gb/s, 8b/10b encoding · SATA-IO
  • PCIe 3.0 ×4 (NVMe) 31.5 Gb/s 8 GT/s × 4 × 128/130 ≈ 31.5 Gb/s ≈ 3.9 GB/s · calculated from PCI-SIG
  • PCIe 4.0 ×4 (NVMe) 63 Gb/s 16 GT/s × 4 × 128/130 ≈ 63 Gb/s ≈ 7.9 GB/s · calculated from PCI-SIG
  • PCIe 5.0 ×4 (NVMe) 126 Gb/s 32 GT/s × 4 × 128/130 ≈ 126 Gb/s ≈ 15.8 GB/s · calculated from PCI-SIG

Video (HDMI, DisplayPort)

  • HDMI 2.0 18 Gb/s 18 Gb/s · HDMI Forum
  • HDMI 2.1 48 Gb/s 48 Gb/s (Ultra High Speed cable) · HDMI LA
  • HDMI 2.2 96 Gb/s 96 Gb/s (Ultra96 cable) · HDMI Forum
  • DisplayPort 1.4 32.4 Gb/s 4 × 8.1 Gb/s = 32.4 Gb/s · VESA
  • DisplayPort 2.1 UHBR10 40 Gb/s 4 × 10 Gb/s, DP40 cable · VESA
  • DisplayPort 2.1 UHBR20 80 Gb/s 4 × 20 Gb/s, DP80 cable · VESA
Axis in Gb/s, linear. For PCIe, one direction after subtracting 128b/130b encoding; for the others, the raw link rate from the specification. Thunderbolt 5: solid bar 80 Gb/s, hatched Bandwidth Boost 120 Gb/s (video only).

How it calculates

The values come from specifications or official announcements: USB-IF and USB Promoter Group (USB 2.0 to USB4 v2.0), Intel (Thunderbolt 5 and Thunderbolt 4 derived from it), SATA-IO (SATA 6 Gb/s), PCI-SIG (PCIe lane rates), HDMI Forum and HDMI LA (HDMI 2.0, 2.1, 2.2), VESA (DisplayPort 1.4 and 2.1).

For PCIe we calculated the speed for a ×4 drive: number of lanes × lane rate in GT/s × 128/130 (the encoding of PCIe 3.0 to 5.0). For PCIe 5.0, PCI-SIG quotes “up to 128 GB/s at ×16” – that is the total of both directions. In one direction and at ×4 that gives roughly 15.8 GB/s, which corresponds to 126 Gb/s on our axis.

Bytes and bits: 1 byte = 8 bits. So 10 Gb/s is at most 1.25 GB/s – and less once overhead is subtracted.

Everything is worked out in your browser. Nothing is sent anywhere and nothing is saved, not even in browser storage.

Notes and sources

  1. USB-IF: USB 3.2 Specification – 5, 10 and 20 Gb/s speeds
  2. USB-IF: USB4 Specification
  3. USB Promoter Group: USB4 Version 2.0 – announcement (up to 80 Gb/s)
  4. Intel: Intel Introduces Thunderbolt 5 (80 Gb/s, Bandwidth Boost 120 Gb/s)
  5. SATA-IO: Fast Just Got Faster: SATA 6Gb/s (white paper)
  6. PCI-SIG (press release): PCI Express 5.0 – 32 GT/s, up to 128 GB/s at ×16
  7. PCI-SIG: PCI Express 6.0 Specification
  8. HDMI Forum: HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.0 (up to 18 Gb/s)
  9. HDMI Licensing Administrator: Ultra96 and Ultra High Speed HDMI Cable (96 and 48 Gb/s)
  10. audioXpress (report on HDMI 2.2): HDMI Forum Releases HDMI Version 2.2
  11. VESA: VESA Publishes DisplayPort Standard Version 1.4
  12. VESA: VESA Releases DisplayPort 2.1 Specification (UHBR10/UHBR20, DP40/DP80 cables)

We opened every link above and compared the figures on 12 October 2026. The pages belong to their publishers and can change after that date.